Fraud- Nortel trial- Nearly billiton dollars in reserves "incorrectly" booked

It is reported that Nortel conducted a comprehensive review and found out that nearly a billion dollars worth of accounting reserves ``incorrectly'' booked, dating to as far back as 1999. The internal review also found two ``material weaknesses'' tied to the use of the accrued liabilities, the first being a breach in public disclosure rules, the second a violation of Nortel's own accounting practices.

It is evident that certain management of Nortel had manipulated the results by using the accrued liabilities account.

$952 million in accrued liabilities were set up without the appropriate documentation, and weren't filed in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices (GAAP). Citing one account, called the ``out-of-balance'' provision that was stored within the firm's corporate or non-operating books, the accountant said: ``It's not warranted to have an out-of-balance account.''

Tens of millions of dollars in backlogged provisions were entered to cover anticipated costs such as contract liabilities and lawsuits. When those costs weren't realized, Nortel flowed the provisions back into earnings in later periods. Yet, they ``should have been recognized in real-time,'' not deferred.

This so-called ``earnings management'' practice was used by the three top executives in Nortel to tip the flagging tech giant back into profitability in 2003, triggering $73-million in bonuses, of which they collected $12-million combined.

Value of external audit to retail investors

This is an interesting article with regard to the value of external audit to retail investors in Singapore. Please refer to the link:

http://bizdaily.com.sg/newsite/most-singapore-retail-investors-find-value-in-external-audit-survey/

A survey was conducted by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and Securities Investors Association (Singapore) (SIAS), who sent out survenys to their own 390 members. As evient from the link above, 80% of the respondents opined that audited financial statement is important sources of information to guide their investment decisions.

In addition, the respondents also commented that the scope of audit should be extended, especially for two main areas:specific assurance on a company’s internal controls and a report on the adequacy and effectiveness of a company’s risk management programme.

In our opinion, the internal controls and risk management programme is especially important to prevent future unfavorable against the entity, and minimise the risks that the entity is been exposed to. Retail investor may feel more comfortable with their own investment if the investee has a strong internal controls in-place and effective risk management assessment programme.

For instance, the investee ( i.e. a entity listed on a stock exchange) may find an opportunity to invest in certain projects. A stringent risk assessment programme may help to evaluate the risks involved in the projects to ensure that all risks are been considered while making investment decisions.

If you have any comments, please feel free to contact us at myauditing@gmail.com

Olympus scandal: hid investment losses in the past 20 years

Japanese company, Olympus Corp has finally admitted that they used inflated acquisition costs ( specifically: advisory fees) to hide investment losses incurred in the past 20 years.

Earlier on, the market was vigorously discussing on the scandalous US$687 million payment for financial advice and expensive acquisition of companies unrelated to its mainstream businesses.

Olympus issued a statement saying that an independent panel investigating the allegations had found that the acquisitions were used to cover up losses on investments dating to the 1990s. During that time in Japan known as the "Lost Decade," many Japanese companies took to making speculative investments in securities to offset sluggish sales following the bursting of Japan's economic bubble.

Olympus Corp's president, Takayama also confessed that the corporation needed higher level of corporate governance to ensure that similar things will not happen in the future.

Implication of Bangkok's floods to Company's financials

Earlier on, Thailand Finance Minister commented that the devastating floods in Bangkok could lower Thailand's Gross Domestic Products. The floods have caused damage to equipment in the flooded industril plant.

Your audit client may have a plants / factories located in the areas affected by the massive flood. In this instance, a proper check need to be performed to assess if the audit client's plants / factories are affected.

Assuming that the plants / factories are affected by the flood, the following procedures need to be performed, including (but not limited to):

- are the machineries and equipments been damaged in the flood. Should impairment been recorded given that the machineries and equipments are damaged?
- are there any going concern issue, given that the operations are likely to be stop?
- is your audit client able to produce financials on time for reporting?
- is there any penalty on contracts with customer if audit client is not able to deliver agreed items on time?
- is your audit client able to collect outstanding debts from customers who maybe affected as well?


A thorough understanding of the floods, and how will that affect the operations are required to determine the nature and extent of audit procedures to tackle the impact of floods.

European Commission plan to curb Big 4 Oligoply

It is reported that European Commission is expected to release a law, which could shake up the Big 4 audit firm's oligoply situation. Big 4 audit firms include: KPMG, Deloitte & Touche, Pricewaterhouse Coopers and Ernst & Young

It's propsing that auditors be banned from providing consulting services to firms that they audit, to avoid the conflict of interest issue. From Accounting & Auditing blog's point of view, it is mandatory to maintain independence.

The said proposed plan also includes a requirement for the companies to change auditors every 9 years. In most of the european area, change of auditors rarely occur.

It's likely that the proposed plan will open up the competition within the auditing industry.

UBS CEO has resigned after unauthorized trading incident

UBS CEO Oswald Grübel has resigned on 24 September 2011, after the recent unauthorized trading scandal, which has caused the bank to suffer from US$2.3billion losses arising from unauthorized transactions. Sergio Ermotti, a veteran Merrill Lynch executive, has been named as the interim CEO to lead the company.

Despite achieving impressive turn-around and strengthened UBS’ fundamentals during his tenure, Oswald Grübel stepped down after the unauthorized trading done by the rogue trader, 31-year-old Kweke Adoboli.

The board and the management of this Swiss bank are in the midst of investigating this scandal.

This entire incident re-emphasized the importance of having a strong internal controls system in place. CEO might not be the individual designate the internal controls in-place. However, a CEO needs to ensure that strong internal controls are in place to prevent/ identify unauthorized transactions. Hence, it appears to the public that Oswald Grübel has stepped down as he assumed the responsibility of unauthorized trading occurred.

There are five key elements in an internal control system, namely:
a. control environment,
b. risk assessment,
c. control procedures,
d. information & communication, and
e. monitoring

It’s evident that CEO need to be heavily involved in “information & communication” and “monitoring” components. To illustrate, there must be proper channel for all necessary information to be heard / listened by senior management,. It’s also crucial to ensure that appropriate level of monitoring activities been carried out.

Ernst & Young sued over Lehman's collapse

Here is the big news that might trigger your interest as an auditor.

One of the Big 4 accounting firms, Ernst & Young is facing a civil lawsuit in the US over the collapse of Lehman Brothers! New York's state attorney Andrew Cumo claims that New York's state attorney Andrew Cuomo claims Ernst & Young "sat by silently" as Lehman Brothers tried to conceal billions of dollars in debt from investors before its implosion. The lawsuit says Lehman ran a "massive accounting fraud".

It is claimed that Ernst & Young approved of Lehman's increasingly frequent use of a device known as Repo 105. The lawsuit alleges: "These Repo 105 transactions had no independent business purpose and were designed solely to enable Lehman to manage the company's financial balance sheet metrics."

The case centres on Lehman's use of an accountancy practice known as Repo 105, which involves temporarily removing money from the balance sheet to give the impression of greater financial strength. Mr Cuomo mentioned that, Ernst & Young should not have approved the accounts, knowing that the practice had been used so widely.

The lawsuit seeks more than $150 million in fees that Ernst & Young received from 2001 to 2008 as Lehman's outside auditor,plus other unspecified damages

Ernst & Young has responded, and claims that the firm is going to "vigorously defend" the lawsuit.